AIPL RESEARCH REPORT K2-98 (5-00)

State and National Standardized Lactation Averages by Breed for Cows Calving in 1998 R.L. Powell and G.R. Wiggans Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory, ARS-USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705-2350 301-504-8334 (voice) ~ 301-504-8092 (fax) ~ rlaipl@aipl.arsusda.gov ~ http://aipl.arsusda.gov

Data for year 2000 State and national lactation averages (formerly National Cooperative Dairy Herd Improvement Program Handbook Fact Sheet K-2) were from 1998 calvings and included the second full year of owner-sampler records. Also, 1998 was the second year that lactation records were computed by the best prediction method with test-day data. New factors for milking 3 times daily were initiated for 1997, and two-thirds of the difference from the old factors was applied for 1998. Yield adjustments are not as large with the new factors as with the former factors.

Lactation data that are used in national genetic evaluations of dairy cattle and in other U.S. Department of Agriculture research originate in herds that are enrolled in the Dairy Herd Improvement program. Test-day records are provided to the Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory by dairy records processing centers.

Lactation records were calculated using a best prediction method and were standardized for age-parity, calving month, previous days open, and times milked per day. Records in progress and other records that were shorter than 305 days were extended to 305 days as part of the best prediction process. Component percentages were computed from average standardized yields for milk and components. Protein testing is at or near 100% except in California (81% for Holsteins).

Only data eligible for use in the calculation of national genetic evaluations are included in the State and national averages. Thus, records beyond fifth lactation or by cows that lacked a first lactation record were excluded.

The numbers of records and averages for yields and component percentages are in Tables 1 through 7 by State for Ayrshires, Brown Swiss, Guernseys, Holsteins, Jerseys, Milking Shorthorns, and Red and Whites. The numbers of records and national averages are in Table 8 by breed for selected years.

Breed yields are different between this report and the herd-average report because this report uses standardized data, whereas herd averages are based on rolling actual data. Also, data for cows that calve in 1998 contribute to herd averages for 1998 and 1999. Finally, herd-average data do not have a restriction that they must be usable for national genetic evaluations. Relative yields among breeds will differ between the two reports because of breed differences in percentage of usable records and differences in age-parity factors.

Numbers of records continued the decline of recent years. Average yields were at new highs for most breeds following highs for 1997 for all breeds. Component percentages relative to 1990 tended to be similar for protein and lower for fat. Jerseys remained the highest for both component percentages but showed a large decline for fat percentage since 1990.

Changes in the numbers of records and average yields result from many factors. Genetic change is expected to have a positive effect on yield, whereas feed availability and other operating costs, milk and beef prices, Government programs, and characteristics of herds entering and leaving eligible testing programs can affect production averages in either direction.

	Records	Milk	Fat		Protein
State	(no.)	(lb)	(%)	(lb)	% of records	(%)	(lb)
Alabama	18	17,596	3.72	654	100	3.40	598
Arizona	259	22,846	3.81	870	100	3.43	783
Arkansas	98	15,421	3.55	547	100	3.50	539
California	606	19,263	3.97	764	100	3.60	692
Colorado	128	18,962	3.99	756	100	3.53	669
Connecticut	61	19,675	3.92	771	100	3.48	685
Delaware	1	21,569	4.21	908	100	3.32	716
Florida	15	16,606	3.67	610	100	3.33	552
Georgia	66	16,911	3.84	649	100	3.50	592
Idaho	221	20,529	3.98	817	100	3.56	731
Illinois	634	19,151	4.04	774	100	3.51	671
Indiana	558	20,094	4.00	803	100	3.58	719
Iowa	1,628	19,996	4.02	804	100	3.48	695
Kansas	194	19,242	3.93	757	100	3.48	670
Kentucky	105	16,810	3.56	598	100	3.51	589
Louisiana	13	13,749	3.73	512	100	3.62	498
Maine	45	15,364	3.73	573	100	3.51	539
Maryland	310	21,230	4.17	886	100	3.48	739
Massachusetts	58	19,693	4.03	793	100	3.51	692
Michigan	250	21,723	4.06	882	100	3.48	755
Minnesota	1,188	18,936	4.04	765	100	3.45	653
Mississippi	9	18,555	3.46	642	100	3.27	606
Missouri	343	18,328	3.85	705	100	3.55	650
Montana	67	15,315	4.12	631	100	3.56	546
Nebraska	373	20,360	3.84	782	100	3.45	702
Nevada	4	28,490	3.04	865	100	3.51	1,001
New Hampshire	98	17,980	4.03	724	100	3.52	633
New Jersey	26	15,787	3.88	612	100	3.32	524
New Mexico	30	21,353	3.89	830	100	3.45	736
New York	733	18,983	4.04	767	100	3.43	652
North Carolina	89	17,304	3.96	686	100	3.42	592
North Dakota	64	16,581	3.91	648	100	3.62	600
Ohio	1,158	20,053	4.05	812	100	3.54	709
Oklahoma	121	15,802	3.74	591	100	3.53	558
Oregon	314	20,189	4.08	823	100	3.53	712
Pennsylvania	955	19,931	3.91	780	100	3.46	689
Puerto Rico	187	11,730	3.44	404	100	3.66	430
South Carolina	4	23,269	3.42	796	100	3.36	783
South Dakota	344	16,927	4.10	694	100	3.52	596
Tennessee	216	18,001	3.81	686	100	3.47	625
Texas	486	19,519	3.76	735	100	3.50	683
Utah	51	13,834	4.71	651	100	3.66	507
Vermont	256	19,498	4.01	782	100	3.47	677
Virginia	122	20,810	3.86	803	100	3.43	714
Washington	226	19,270	3.72	717	100	3.54	682
West Virginia	3	19,326	3.75	725	100	3.37	651
Wisconsin	2,630	19,694	4.01	790	100	3.44	678
United States	15,365	19,385	3.98	771	100	3.49	676

 

Table 3. Number of records and state and national standardized lactation averages for Guernseys with records used in national genetic evaluations and calving in 1998.

	Records	Milk	Fat		Protein
State	(no.)	(lb)	(%)	(lb)	% of records	(%)	(lb)
Alabama	1	19,616	4.03	790	100	3.38	664
Arizona	39	16,333	4.13	675	100	3.42	559
Arkansas	48	14,920	4.16	620	100	3.56	531
California	386	17,063	4.43	757	97	3.57	611
Connecticut	41	15,847	4.66	739	100	3.52	558
Florida	3	13,387	3.92	525	100	3.59	480
Georgia	20	12,883	3.88	500	100	3.39	437
Idaho	24	14,288	4.27	610	100	3.59	513
Illinois	344	16,636	4.38	728	100	3.46	576
Indiana	467	15,073	4.35	656	100	3.53	533
Iowa	779	16,053	4.43	712	100	3.47	557
Kansas	64	15,923	4.31	687	100	3.38	539
Kentucky	77	14,128	4.14	585	100	3.45	487
Louisiana	57	14,040	4.04	567	100	3.52	494
Maine	36	14,954	4.45	665	100	3.64	545
Maryland	420	15,938	4.52	721	100	3.48	554
Massachusetts	11	16,391	4.68	767	100	3.46	567
Michigan	103	14,763	4.42	653	100	3.44	507
Minnesota	750	14,486	4.48	649	100	3.45	499
Missouri	365	14,299	4.27	611	100	3.52	503
Montana	38	16,194	4.26	690	100	3.52	571
Nebraska	122	15,912	4.49	714	100	3.49	555
New Hampshire	22	20,830	4.22	879	100	3.52	734
New Jersey	1	14,041	4.42	621	100	3.34	469
New York	676	14,988	4.52	678	100	3.48	522
North Carolina	119	15,757	4.36	687	100	3.45	544
North Dakota	1	14,945	3.99	596	100	3.33	498
Ohio	525	15,826	4.39	695	100	3.51	555
Oklahoma	66	14,200	3.91	555	100	3.35	476
Oregon	418	17,292	4.45	769	100	3.50	605
Pennsylvania	1,081	15,768	4.42	697	100	3.43	542
South Carolina	138	16,142	4.39	709	100	3.41	551
South Dakota	71	14,282	4.48	640	100	3.46	495
Tennessee	68	15,771	4.16	656	100	3.37	531
Texas	82	15,792	4.16	658	100	3.52	555
Utah	17	15,459	4.46	690	100	3.53	546
Vermont	188	15,147	4.46	675	100	3.46	524
Virginia	336	14,275	4.46	637	100	3.56	508
Washington	122	17,357	4.42	768	96	3.52	616
West Virginia	56	14,355	4.26	611	100	3.53	507
Wisconsin	2,453	15,527	4.52	702	100	3.47	538
United States	10,635	15,565	4.44	690	100	3.48	541

 

Table 4. Number of records and state and national standardized lactation averages for Holsteins with records used in national genetic evaluations and calving in 1998.

	Records	Milk	Fat		Protein
State	(no.)	(lb)	(%)	(lb)	% of records	(%)	(lb)
Alabama	3,518	19,716	3.50	689	100	3.13	618
Arizona	19,311	23,195	3.49	809	99	3.12	724
Arkansas	2,039	19,654	3.39	666	100	3.15	620
California	284,771	24,746	3.56	880	87	3.20	793
Colorado	12,226	25,189	3.58	901	100	3.17	799
Connecticut	9,239	24,483	3.63	889	100	3.12	765
Delaware	2,751	23,456	3.75	879	100	3.17	743
Florida	5,582	21,694	3.42	741	100	3.14	682
Georgia	10,009	21,723	3.44	746	100	3.14	681
Idaho	20,830	25,302	3.52	892	100	3.22	814
Illinois	28,171	22,494	3.62	813	100	3.16	710
Indiana	21,548	22,654	3.60	816	100	3.14	711
Iowa	46,027	22,958	3.63	833	100	3.16	726
Kansas	15,078	22,331	3.60	805	100	3.17	708
Kentucky	9,097	20,631	3.51	725	100	3.18	656
Louisiana	4,458	19,133	3.37	645	100	3.13	600
Maine	7,763	24,160	3.65	881	100	3.15	762
Maryland	22,277	23,214	3.77	875	100	3.16	735
Massachusetts	6,792	24,172	3.71	897	100	3.16	764
Michigan	63,787	24,215	3.85	932	100	3.15	762
Minnesota	141,677	22,932	3.69	847	100	3.12	716
Mississippi	5,243	20,610	3.54	729	100	3.14	648
Missouri	16,258	20,457	3.56	728	100	3.19	652
Montana	3,198	23,639	3.47	821	100	3.16	746
Nebraska	13,437	22,829	3.66	836	100	3.18	727
Nevada	2,855	23,902	3.52	842	100	3.22	769
New Hampshire	6,856	25,631	3.65	935	100	3.16	809
New Jersey	5,426	23,519	3.74	879	100	3.15	740
New Mexico	9,150	24,649	3.41	841	100	3.15	776
New York	160,330	23,212	3.68	853	100	3.12	724
North Carolina	14,685	22,835	3.65	833	100	3.13	714
North Dakota	3,441	21,814	3.55	774	100	3.13	682
Ohio	47,665	23,175	3.65	845	100	3.17	735
Oklahoma	5,227	21,477	3.31	711	100	3.16	679
Oregon	18,448	25,087	3.59	902	100	3.17	796
Pennsylvania	168,013	23,546	3.61	850	100	3.13	737
Puerto Rico	3,261	13,759	3.08	423	100	3.24	445
Rhode Island	179	24,909	3.55	884	100	3.09	771
South Carolina	6,099	21,606	3.61	781	100	3.14	679
South Dakota	9,182	22,171	3.69	817	100	3.14	697
Tennessee	12,000	21,401	3.52	753	100	3.13	671
Texas	29,227	23,175	3.54	821	100	3.20	741
Utah	15,247	24,407	3.54	863	100	3.15	769
Vermont	25,292	23,715	3.66	868	100	3.15	747
Virginia	38,080	22,530	3.57	803	100	3.13	705
Washington	37,147	25,583	3.60	922	100	3.18	813
West Virginia	4,426	21,633	3.55	767	100	3.18	687
Wisconsin	218,440	24,495	3.69	903	100	3.14	768
Wyoming	41	22,271	3.87	863	100	3.10	691
United States	1,615,804	23,675	3.63	859	98	3.15	746

 

Table 5. Number of records and state and national standardized lactation averages for Jerseys with records used in national genetic evaluations and calving in 1998.

	Records	Milk	Fat		Protein
State	(no.)	(lb)	(%)	(lb)	% of records	(%)	(lb)
Alabama	1,800	15,402	4.54	700	100	3.75	577
Arizona	4,121	17,656	4.65	820	100	3.67	648
Arkansas	346	13,235	4.49	594	100	3.79	502
California	20,237	17,379	4.66	810	100	3.81	662
Colorado	72	17,271	4.71	814	100	3.80	656
Connecticut	355	16,165	4.90	792	100	3.72	602
Delaware	13	17,031	4.59	782	100	3.63	619
Florida	422	14,543	4.18	608	100	3.65	531
Georgia	965	15,823	4.20	665	100	3.63	574
Idaho	2,568	16,560	4.56	755	100	3.86	639
Illinois	1,137	15,334	4.64	711	100	3.73	571
Indiana	1,221	15,621	4.56	712	100	3.76	588
Iowa	2,747	15,833	4.66	738	100	3.70	585
Kansas	852	15,354	4.50	690	100	3.66	562
Kentucky	1,570	14,599	4.37	638	100	3.70	541
Louisiana	632	14,012	4.26	598	100	3.61	506
Maine	859	16,091	4.68	753	100	3.72	598
Maryland	845	16,547	4.77	790	100	3.75	621
Massachusetts	713	15,784	4.77	753	100	3.73	589
Michigan	1,939	15,219	4.88	742	100	3.74	569
Minnesota	2,177	15,345	4.72	725	100	3.72	570
Mississippi	634	14,979	4.33	648	100	3.65	546
Missouri	1,199	14,660	4.37	641	100	3.73	546
Montana	5	17,097	4.42	755	100	3.60	615
Nebraska	333	16,779	4.39	736	100	3.72	625
Nevada	878	18,013	4.84	871	100	3.89	701
New Hampshire	644	17,172	4.58	787	100	3.74	643
New Jersey	160	15,475	4.70	727	100	3.69	571
New York	5,532	15,926	4.72	752	100	3.74	595
North Carolina	1,611	17,152	4.42	758	100	3.62	621
North Dakota	39	15,838	4.09	648	100	3.68	583
Ohio	6,253	16,091	4.69	755	100	3.77	607
Oklahoma	416	14,459	4.42	640	100	3.72	538
Oregon	5,571	17,219	4.68	805	100	3.76	647
Pennsylvania	6,465	15,752	4.69	739	100	3.71	585
Puerto Rico	188	11,733	3.62	424	100	3.80	445
Rhode Island	15	12,445	4.64	577	100	3.75	467
South Carolina	2,512	16,671	4.51	752	100	3.62	604
South Dakota	182	16,310	4.48	731	100	3.73	608
Tennessee	2,404	15,724	4.42	696	100	3.65	574
Texas	5,005	14,754	4.44	655	100	3.70	546
Utah	1,062	17,264	4.52	781	100	3.76	648
Vermont	3,434	15,543	4.70	730	100	3.71	577
Virginia	1,226	17,660	4.58	809	100	3.70	654
Washington	1,928	17,110	4.57	782	100	3.73	638
West Virginia	226	17,508	4.44	777	100	3.74	655
Wisconsin	5,648	15,964	4.72	753	100	3.74	597
United States	99,161	16,306	4.62	754	100	3.74	610

 

Table 6. Number of records and state and national standardized lactation averages for Milking Shorthorns with records used in national genetic evaluations and calving in 1998.

	Records	Milk	Fat		Protein
State	(no.)	(lb)	(%)	(lb)	% of records	(%)	(lb)
Alabama	2	13,007	3.99	519	100	3.25	423
Arizona	187	13,170	3.39	446	100	3.26	429
California	163	15,199	3.51	533	100	3.19	485
Colorado	5	19,838	3.83	760	100	3.50	694
Connecticut	4	12,928	4.04	523	100	3.33	431
Idaho	73	23,444	3.31	776	100	3.25	762
Illinois	39	16,603	3.51	583	100	3.36	557
Indiana	17	16,243	3.55	577	100	3.34	543
Iowa	134	13,790	3.72	513	100	3.20	442
Kansas	32	18,551	3.68	682	100	3.29	610
Maine	45	17,972	3.48	626	100	3.23	581
Maryland	4	16,706	3.85	643	100	3.11	520
Massachusetts	17	17,815	3.53	628	100	3.15	561
Michigan	1	17,033	4.24	722	100	3.30	562
Minnesota	492	16,646	3.68	612	100	3.25	541
Missouri	72	16,055	3.45	555	100	3.34	536
Nebraska	20	15,074	3.81	574	100	3.36	507
New Hampshire	65	17,655	3.64	642	100	3.24	571
New York	61	16,096	3.53	568	100	3.25	522
North Dakota	4	15,137	3.64	552	100	3.46	524
Ohio	82	14,258	3.54	505	100	3.22	459
Oklahoma	212	14,651	3.25	476	100	3.24	474
Oregon	58	16,808	3.67	617	100	3.28	551
Pennsylvania	53	17,978	3.66	658	100	3.24	583
South Dakota	89	14,681	3.55	521	100	3.29	483
Tennessee	2	11,062	3.75	415	100	3.60	399
Texas	33	16,902	3.17	536	100	3.34	565
Utah	45	13,264	4.00	530	100	3.42	454
Vermont	47	14,968	3.59	538	100	3.13	468
Virginia	12	16,261	3.90	634	100	3.37	547
Washington	45	20,396	3.30	674	100	3.22	657
West Virginia	1	14,937	4.02	600	100	3.21	479
Wisconsin	189	17,786	3.61	642	100	3.22	573
United States	2,305	16,098	3.55	572	100	3.25	523

 

Table 7. Number of records and state and national standardized lactation averages for Red and Whites with records used in national genetic evaluations and calving in 1998.

	Records	Milk	Fat		Protein
State	(no.)	(lb)	(%)	(lb)	% of records	(%)	(lb)
Arkansas	18	21,466	2.93	629	100	3.10	665
California	439	21,746	3.40	739	95	3.25	703
Colorado	2	22,647	3.40	769	100	2.79	632
Connecticut	11	22,043	3.81	839	100	3.08	679
Georgia	6	20,488	3.19	653	100	2.97	609
Idaho	34	26,129	3.56	929	100	3.19	833
Illinois	128	21,002	3.70	777	100	3.12	655
Indiana	76	20,700	3.68	761	100	3.16	654
Iowa	85	22,272	3.55	791	100	3.15	701
Kansas	5	21,224	3.19	676	100	3.16	671
Kentucky	54	18,955	3.53	668	100	3.32	629
Louisiana	16	21,601	3.39	732	100	3.15	681
Maine	2	21,393	3.56	763	100	3.23	691
Maryland	45	21,247	3.55	753	100	3.11	660
Massachusetts	6	17,703	3.74	663	100	3.20	567
Michigan	512	22,644	3.81	864	100	3.18	720
Minnesota	383	22,189	3.65	811	100	3.04	674
Mississippi	4	13,763	3.60	496	100	3.02	416
Missouri	14	17,304	3.71	642	100	3.19	553
Nebraska	8	22,023	3.53	778	100	3.14	691
New Hampshire	3	25,759	3.43	884	100	3.14	808
New Jersey	7	18,285	4.45	814	100	3.03	555
New York	450	19,830	3.67	727	100	3.13	620
North Carolina	9	21,664	3.83	829	100	3.20	693
North Dakota	3	17,732	3.50	621	100	3.07	544
Ohio	89	20,114	3.55	715	100	3.17	637
Oklahoma	5	19,251	3.20	616	100	2.93	565
Oregon	33	23,855	3.61	861	100	3.11	742
Pennsylvania	434	21,851	3.66	800	100	3.14	685
Puerto Rico	49	14,013	3.04	426	100	3.39	475
Rhode Island	1	20,149	4.06	818	100	3.32	668
South Carolina	216	23,623	3.88	916	100	3.21	759
Tennessee	1	21,347	3.29	702	100	3.31	706
Texas	16	16,139	3.86	624	100	3.51	567
Vermont	38	21,863	3.69	806	100	3.09	677
Virginia	265	23,348	3.62	844	100	3.13	732
Washington	11	25,026	3.59	899	100	2.99	748
West Virginia	2	17,744	3.61	641	100	3.07	544
Wisconsin	992	23,430	3.60	843	100	3.11	728
United States	4,472	22,077	3.63	802	100	3.14	693

 

Table 8. Numbers of records and national standardized lactation averages by breed for cows calving in 1970, 1980, 1990, 1992, 1994, and 1996-98 and eligible for use in genetic evaluations.

Breed	1970	1980	1990	1992	1994	1996	1997	1998
Records (no.)
Ayrshire	12,717	13,460	12,016	11,259	10,288	8,804	8,157	7,586
Brown Swiss	13,759	17,232	18,544	19,088	18,304	16,997	16,174	15,365
Guernsey	56,797	38,353	26,396	22,186	17,329	13,475	11,847	10,635
Holstein	588,241	1,108,700	1,760,914	1,828,342	1,813,620	1,719,516	1,686,423	1,615,804
Jersey	51,367	63,280	104,495	109,746	109,503	102,492	99,934	99,161
Milking Shorthorn	1,561	2,318	2,773	2,665	2,768	2,516	2,445	2,305
Red and White	. . .	896	5,741	6,745	6,916	5,689	5,131	4,472
Milk (lb)
Ayrshire	11,971	13,145	14,766	15,306	15,692	15,658	16,621	16,942
Brown Swiss	12,866	14,173	16,634	16,729	17,448	17,830	18,783	19,385
Guernsey	10,426	11,666	13,289	13,839	14,206	14,178	15,141	15,565
Holstein	15,281	17,567	20,172	20,957	21,699	21,962	23,148	23,675
Jersey	9,619	11,437	13,375	13,973	14,744	15,097	15,843	16,306
Milking Shorthorn	10,391	11,560	14,030	14,858	15,309	15,467	16,002	16,098
Red and White	. . .	16,455	18,808	19,684	20,916	20,295	21,436	22,077
Fat (%)
Ayrshire	3.93	3.88	3.85	3.88	3.85	3.86	3.87	3.85
Brown Swiss	4.08	4.06	3.98	3.99	3.98	4.01	4.00	3.98
Guernsey	4.68	4.60	4.49	4.50	4.48	4.48	4.47	4.44
Holstein	3.65	3.61	3.61	3.64	3.62	3.63	3.62	3.63
Jersey	5.06	4.84	4.72	4.71	4.66	4.64	4.64	4.62
Milking Shorthorn	3.70	3.69	3.58	3.59	3.57	3.58	3.59	3.55
Red and White	. . .	3.62	3.67	3.68	3.68	3.69	3.66	3.63
Fat (lb)
Ayrshire	470	510	569	594	605	605	642	653
Brown Swiss	525	576	645	668	695	715	752	771
Guernsey	488	536	597	623	636	635	676	690
Holstein	559	633	729	762	784	798	838	859
Jersey	487	553	632	658	687	700	735	754
Milking Shorthorn	384	426	503	533	546	554	574	572
Red and White	. . .	596	691	725	749	749	785	802
Protein (%)
Ayrshire	. . .	. . .	3.35	3.34	3.33	3.32	3.30	3.30
Brown Swiss	. . .	. . .	3.52	3.52	3.51	3.51	3.50	3.49
Guernsey	. . .	. . .	3.49	3.48	3.47	3.48	3.48	3.48
Holstein	. . .	. . .	3.13	3.13	3.14	3.13	3.14	3.15
Jersey	. . .	. . .	3.78	3.77	3.76	3.75	3.73	3.74
Milking Shorthorn	. . .	. . .	3.28	3.29	3.29	3.25	3.25	3.25
Red and White	. . .	. . .	3.14	3.12	3.15	3.13	3.15	3.14
Protein (lb)
Ayrshire	. . .	. . .	495	511	523	520	549	559
Brown Swiss	. . .	. . .	571	588	613	626	658	676
Guernsey	. . .	. . .	464	482	493	493	527	541
Holstein	. . .	. . .	630	655	679	687	725	746
Jersey	. . .	. . .	506	528	554	566	591	610
Milking Shorthorn	. . .	. . .	460	488	504	503	520	523
Red and White	. . .	. . .	590	614	641	637	675	693